ABSES TOOTH

Definition
Collection of pus that has spread from a tooth to the network in the area,
usually comes from an infection.
CAUSE
Abses this happens from dental infection that contain fluid (pus) flowed to the gums
so that the gums are in the stands near the teeth.
Clinical Overview
- At the checkpoint appears to swelling around the tooth pain. When abses
There are at the top of the front teeth, swelling can be up to the eyelid,
abses teeth while back on the cause swelling to the cheek.
Abses teeth cause swelling down to the chin and ear or
submaksilaris.
- People sometimes fever, sometimes can not open the mouth wide.
- Dental shaky and sick time swallowing.
Diagnosis
The gums with inflammation around the tooth pain.
Dealing
- Patients are encouraged gargle with warm water
- Simtomatik: Parasetamol (if necessary)
Adults: 500 mg 3 x daily,
children: 250 mg 3 x daily.
- If there is a clear infection, can be given Amoksilin for 5 days
Adults: 500 mg 3 x daily,
children: 250 mg 3 x daily.
- When there are indications, should be revoked after a dental infection calm and refer to the dentist



AIDS

Definition
AIDS (Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome) is a collection of symptoms
diseases caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).
HIV virus is found in body fluids, especially in the blood, sperm fluid,
vagina fluids and breast milk. These viruses damage the immune system
human and cause a decline or loss of power so that the body
easy to contract the disease infection.
CAUSE
HIV is a virus, a type of retrovirus that among the viruses
using RNA as molecular genetic information carrier.
Clinical Overview
- Category A includes clinical HIV infection without symptoms (Asymptomatic), limfa
denopati generalisata a set of primary and acute infection with the disease
broadcaster.
- Category B consists of the clinical condition with symptoms in adolescent / adult
HIV infection is not included in category C and meet the most
less one of several criteria, the following:
A) conditions associated with HIV infection or the
diperantarakan damage to the immune cells (cell mediated immunity)
or
B) The condition is considered by doctors who have been handling the clinical need
Dealing need or due to complications of HIV infection
with examples:
Angiomatosis basilari; Kandidiasis orofaringeal; Kandidiasis vulvovaginal;
Displasia cervix; 38.5 OC fever or diarrhea for more than 1 month;
Hairy oral leukoplakia; Herpes zoster; Purpura idiopatik trombositopenik;
Listeriosis; pelvic inflammation disease; peripheral Neuropati
- Category C includes clinical symptoms were found in AIDS patients
for example:
Kandisiasis bronki, trakea and lungs; Kandidiasis esofagus; Cervical Cancer
Invansive; Coccidiodomycosi or spread in the lungs; in Cryptococcosis
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outside the lungs; Retinistis virus sitomegalo; Ensefalopati related
with HIV; Herpes simplex or ulkus chronicles more than a month
length; bronchitis, pneumonia or esofagitis; Histoplasmosis spread
or outside the lungs; Isosporiasis instestinal chronicles more than a month long;
Sarkoma kaposi; burkit lymphoma (or any other term that indicates lesi
similar); lymphoma imuno blastik, L.primer in the brain; Micobacterium Avium
Complex or M.lansii spread outside the lungs; where M.tuberculosis
(outside the lungs, or lungs); Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia; Leukoensefalopati
multifokal progressive; Septikemia salmonella are repeated;
Taksoplasmosis in the brain.
Diagnosis
Was based on clinical symptoms and examine the blood.
In a blood test can be performed directly against the HIV virus or
indirectly by determining the anti-body, which has more and
easily implemented. Currently, many types of tests that have the sensitivity and
spesifitas high available.
Medicine / Management
Currently there are three classes of antiretroviral drugs available in Indonesia:
Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Enzyme inhibitor (NsRTI): This drug is known
as analog nukleosida that hamper the process of RNA virus changes
into DNA. This process is necessary so that the virus can bereplikasi. Medicine
in this group, including zidovudine (ZDV or AZT), lamivudine
(3TC), didanosine (ddI) zalcitabine (ddC), stavudine (d4T) and abacavir
(ABC).
Non-Nucleside Reserve Trancriptase Enzyme inhibitor (NNsRTI): This drug
although with different NRTI also impedes the process of change in RNA
into DNA. Dalamgolongan these drugs, including Nevirapine (NVP),
efavirenz (EFV), and delavirdine (DLV).
Protease Enzyme inhibitor (PI): The medicine is working hamper the enzyme protease
The chain cut zest into long-acid protein that is more
small. Drugs in golonganini including indinavir (IDV), nelfinavir (NFV),
saquinavir (SQV), ritonavir (RTV), amprenavir (APV), and
lopinavir / ritonavir (LPV / r).





AMUBIASIS

Definition
Amubiasis is a disease caused by intestinal protozoa. Protozoa are
living in the colon, causing inflammation and acute chronicler called amubiasis
intestinal. If not treated amubiasis intestinal worm to be outside the intestine and
amubiasis cause extra-intestinal.
CAUSE
Entamoeba histolytica
Clinical Overview
- The period of incubation average 2 - 4 weeks.
- Amubiasis the colon or acute dysentery amuba provide dysentery syndrome symptoms
which is a collection of symptoms consisting of a slimy and bloody feces,
tenesmus anus, stomach pain and sometimes accompanied by fever.
- In amubiasis chronicles people complained of diarrhea and stomach pain with a
constipation.
- In amubiasis are sometimes ekstraintestinalis found amubiasis history intestine.
- Collaboration amubiasis hearts usually fever, pain in the hearts swell with press
abdomen, especially in the area on the right, sweaty, no appetite, weight
the body down and ikterus.
- Amubiasis kutis and perinealis cause ulkus the edge resonant,
while amubiasis vaginalis cause leukore with blood spot
and mucus.
Diagnosis
- Amubiasis acute colon: E.histolytica found in the form of histolitika
liquid excrement.
- Amubiasis chronic colon: find a cyst in the form of E.histolytica
feces. If not found, the inspection should feces repeated 3 days berturutturut.
Serologic can be done to support the diagnosis
amubiasis.
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- Amubiasis heart: to find form in the biopsy histolitika E.histolytica
abses wall or pus aspirations. If not found ameba can be done
serologic diagnosis to amubiasis.
Dealing
- Metronidazol drugs is a choice for amubiasis intestine and amubiasis
ekstraintestinalis.
Adult dose: 500 - 750mg 3 x per day for 7 - 10 days.
Doses of children 1 year: 50 mg / kgBB 3 x daily, for 7 - 10 days.
- Amubiasis ekstraintestinalis require longer treatment. By
therefore need to be referred.
Prevention
- Prevention includes the improvement of health and hygiene environment for individuals,
dip the vegetables and fruits are suspected of less clean.
- Cyst person may not work in the field of food preparation and
beverages.